近日，由浙江大學和蘇格蘭愛丁堡大學領導的一個國際科學家團隊研究了204個國家29種癌癥在所有14歲至49歲人群中的發病率，結果發現，2019年50歲以下人群癌癥發病率比1990年增加了79%。死亡病例最多的是乳腺癌，其次是氣管癌、肺癌、胃癌和腸癌。死亡病例增長最快的是腎癌或卵巢癌。科學家稱，遺傳只是因素之一，飲食習慣、生活習慣等也是促成因素，環境因素的影響程度尚不清楚。

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The number of under-50s worldwide being diagnosed with cancer has risen by nearly 80% in three decades, according to the largest study of its kind.一項同類型最大規模研究發現，全球50歲以下被診斷患有癌癥的人數在三十年內增加了近80%。

Global cases of early onset cancer increased from 1.82 million in 1990 to 3.26 million in 2019, while cancer deaths of adults in their 40s, 30s or younger grew by 27%. More than a million under-50s a year are now dying of cancer, the research reveals.全球早發癌癥病例從1990年的182萬例增加到2019年的326萬例，而40歲、30歲或以下成年人群的癌癥死亡病例增長了27%。研究顯示，目前50歲以下死于癌癥的人群每年超100萬。

Experts are still in the early stages of understanding the reasons behind the rise in cases. The authors of the study, published in BMJ Oncology, say poor diets, alcohol and tobacco use, physical inactivity and obesity are likely to be among the factors.對癌癥病例上升的原因的研究仍處于早期階段。該研究發表在《英國醫學雜志·腫瘤學》，研究人員表示，不良飲食、酗酒吸煙、缺乏運動和肥胖可能是風險因素。

“Since 1990, the incidence and deaths of early onset cancers have substantially increased globally,” the report says. “Encouraging a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, the restriction of tobacco and alcohol consumption and appropriate outdoor activity, could reduce the burden of early onset cancer.”報告稱：“自1990年以來，全球早發癌癥的發病率和死亡人數大幅增加。提倡健康的生活方式，健康飲食、限制吸煙飲酒以及適當的戶外活動，可以降低早發癌癥的風險。”

Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of cancer in adults under the age of 50 has been rising in various parts of the world over the last few decades. The latest study, led by the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, China, was the first of its kind to examine the issue on a global scale and the risk factors for younger adults.此前研究表明，在過去幾十年中，世界各地50歲以下成年人的癌癥發病率一直在上升。這項由蘇格蘭愛丁堡大學和中國浙江大學醫學院領導的最新研究，是首次全球范圍內就探究早發癌癥問題以及年輕人的風險因素所進行的研究。

In this global study, researchers analysed data from 204 countries covering 29 types of cancer.在這項全球研究中，研究人員分析了204個國家29種癌癥的數據。

They looked at new cases, deaths, health consequences and contributory risk factors for all those aged 14 to 49 to estimate changes between 1990 and 2019.研究了14至49歲人群中的新增病例、死亡病例、健康危害和致病風險因素，評估1990年至2019年間的變化趨勢。

In 2019, new cancer diagnoses among under-50s totaled 3.26 million, an increase of 79% on the 1990 figure. Breast cancer accounted for the largest number of cases and associated deaths, at 13.7 and 3.5 for every 100,000 of the global population respectively.2019年，50歲以下人群中新發癌癥病例總數為326萬，比1990年增加79%。乳腺癌病例和相關死亡人數最多，分別為全球每10萬人口13.7例和3.5例。

Cases of early onset windpipe and prostate cancers rose the fastest between 1990 and 2019, with estimated annual percentage changes of 2.28% and 2.23% respectively. At the other end of the spectrum, cases of early onset liver cancer fell by an estimated 2.88% a year.1990年至2019年，早發氣管癌和前列腺癌的病例增長最快，估計每年分別增長2.28%和2.23%。另一方面，早發肝癌的發病率估計每年下降2.88%。

A total of 1.06 million under-50s died of cancer in 2019, an increase of 27% on the 1990 figure. After breast cancer, the highest death tolls were linked to windpipe, lung, stomach and bowel cancers. The steepest increases in deaths were among people with kidney or ovarian cancer.2019年，共有106萬50歲以下的人死于癌癥，比1990年增加了27%。死亡病例最多的是乳腺癌，其次是氣管癌、肺癌、胃癌和腸癌。死亡病例增長最快的是腎癌或卵巢癌。

Based on the observed trends for the past three decades, the researchers estimate that the global number of new early onset cancer cases and associated deaths will rise by a further 31% and 21% respectively by 2030, with people in their 40s the most at risk.根據過去三十年的觀察趨勢，研究人員估計，到2030年，全球新發癌癥早發癌癥病例和相關死亡人數將分別增加31%和21%，其中40多歲的人面臨風險最大。

Genetic factors are likely to have a role, the researchers said. But diets high in red meat and salt and low in fruit and milk, along with alcohol and tobacco use, are the main risk factors underlying the most common cancers among under-50s, with physical inactivity, excess weight and high blood sugar contributory factors, the data indicates.研究人員說，遺傳因素可能起到一定作用。但數據顯示，高紅肉、高鹽、少水果和牛奶的飲食，以及吸煙喝酒、缺乏運動、超重和高血糖是50歲以下人群中最常見癌癥的主要風險因素。

來源：中國日報網